pymongo 基本使用
Jul 24, 2017pymongo 是在 python
中操作 mongodb
的一个包,使用方法跟 mongodb
的 shell
命令行类似。本文使用的pymongo
版本是 3.2.1
。
连接数据库
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# pymongo 版本 3.2.1
import re
from pymongo import MongoClient
from bson.objectid import ObjectId
def con_mongo():
"""连接数据库"""
# 建立连接
client = MongoClient(host='127.0.0.1', port=27017)
return client
插入数据
def insert_data():
"""插入数据
:return:
"""
client = con_mongo()
# 文档数据
record_list = []
dict1 = {"name": "lucy", "sex": "female", "job": "Nurse", "age": 23}
dict2 = {"name": "peter", "sex": "male", "job": "Teacher", "age": 22}
dict3 = {"name": "Jay", "sex": "male", "job": "Engineer", "age": 28}
dict4 = {"name": "layr", "sex": "male", "job": "Engineer", "age": 29}
record_list.append(dict1)
record_list.append(dict2)
record_list.append(dict3)
record_list.append(dict4)
# insert data to db:test/collection: user
client.test.user.insert_many(record_list)
更新数据
def update_data():
"""更新数据
:return:
"""
client = con_mongo()
# 更新 lucy 的年龄
new_age = {'age': 25}
client.test.user.update_one({'name': 'lucy'}, {'$set': new_age})
client.test.user.update_one({'name': 'lucy'}, {'$set': {'age': 26}})
# 所有记录
record = client.test.user.find()
# 添加国家信息
coutry_info = {'country': 'China'}
# 每条记录都添加
for item in record:
_id = ObjectId(item.get('_id'))
client.test.user.update_one({'_id': _id}, {'$set': coutry_info})
# 新的记录
new_record = {"name": "john", "sex": "male", "job": "Student"}
new_record2 = {"name": "Tom", "job": "Hacker"}
# 使用 upsert(update+insert), 根据条件判断有无记录,有的话就更新记录,没有的话就插入一条记录
client.test.user.update_one({'job': 'Student'}, {'$set': new_record}, upsert=False)
client.test.user.update_one({'job': 'Student'}, {'$set': new_record2}, upsert=True)
查找数据
def search_data():
""" search data
:return:
"""
client = con_mongo()
# 年龄大于 25 且小于 30 且不等于 29
age_res = client.test.user.find({"age": {'$gt': 25, '$lt': 30, '$ne': 29}})
for item in age_res:
age = item.get('age', '')
print "expected age info: ", age
pattern_string1 = '^l'
pattern_string2 = 'r$'
regx1 = re.compile(pattern_string1, re.IGNORECASE)
regx2 = re.compile(pattern_string2, re.IGNORECASE)
regx_list = [regx1, regx2]
# name 以 'l' 开头且以 'r' 结尾
res_and = client.test.user.find({"name": {'$all': regx_list}})
for item in res_and:
name = item.get('name', '')
print "name that begins with 'l' and ends with 'r' are ", name
# name 以 'l' 开头或以 'r' 结尾
res_or = client.test.user.find({"name": {'$in': regx_list}})
for item in res_or:
name = item.get('name', '')
print "name that begins with 'l' or ends with 'r' are ", name
# name 以 'l' 开头或以 'r' 结尾 -- 第 2 种方法
pattern_strings = ['^l', 'r$']
pattern_string = '|'.join(pattern_strings)
regx = re.compile(pattern_string, re.IGNORECASE)
res = client.test.user.find({"name": regx})
for item in res:
name = item.get('name', '')
print "name that begins with 'l' or ends with 'r' are ", name
查询常用语句
- 比较运算
# 年龄大于 20
db.collection.find({"age": {'$gt': 20}})
# 年龄小于 20
db.collection.find({"age": {'$lt': 20}})
# 年龄大于等于 20
db.collection.find({"age": {'$gte': 20}})
# 年龄小于等于 20
db.collection.find({"age": {'$lte': 20}})
# 年龄大于 20 且 小于 30 且不等于 25
db.collection.find({"age": {'$gt': 20, '$lt': 30, '$ne': 25}})
$exists
字段是否存在
# name 字段存在或不存在
db.collection.find({'name': {'$exists': True}})
db.collection.find({'name': {'$exists': False}})
$or
查询
# 查找 a=1 或 b=2
db.collection.find({'$or': [{a: 1}, {b: 2}]})
$in
查询
# a 属于 [1,2,3]中的任何一个
db.collection.find({a: {'$in': [1,2,3]}})
# a 不属于 [1,2,3]中的任何一个
db.collection.find({a: {'$nin': [1,2,3]}})
$all
查询
# 全部属于
db.collection.find({a: {'$all': [1,2,3]}})