# Ubuntu 16.04 系统调优 Source: https://blog.ferstar.org/posts/ubuntu-16-04-system-optimization-tips/ ## 删除旧内核 一个偷懒的脚本解决战斗 ```shell #!/bin/sh # # purge-old-kernels - remove old kernel packages # Copyright (C) 2012 Dustin Kirkland # # Authors: Dustin Kirkland # Kees Cook # # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation, version 3 of the License. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . # Ensure we're running as root if [ "$(id -u)" != 0 ]; then echo "ERROR: This script must run as root. Hint..." 1>&2 echo " sudo $0 $@" 1>&2 exit 1 fi # NOTE: This script will ALWAYS keep the currently running kernel # NOTE: Default is to keep 2 more, user overrides with --keep N KEEP=2 # NOTE: Any unrecognized option will be passed straight through to apt APT_OPTS= while [ ! -z "$1" ]; do case "$1" in --keep) # User specified the number of kernels to keep KEEP="$2" shift 2 ;; *) APT_OPTS="$APT_OPTS $1" shift 1 ;; esac done # Build our list of kernel packages to purge CANDIDATES=$(ls -tr /boot/vmlinuz-* | head -n -${KEEP} | grep -v "$(uname -r)$" | cut -d- -f2- | awk '{print "linux-image-" $0 " linux-headers-" $0}' ) for c in $CANDIDATES; do dpkg-query -s "$c" >/dev/null 2>&1 && PURGE="$PURGE $c" done if [ -z "$PURGE" ]; then echo "No kernels are eligible for removal" exit 0 fi apt $APT_OPTS remove --purge $PURGE ``` ## 替换 Firefox 为国内版 火狐自 Quantum 之后的版本在 Linux 上的体验都很棒，火狐通行证的同步也很方便，不过 Ubuntu 自带的火狐是国际版本，个人感觉不如国内版的同步速度快，所以就研究了下替换国内版的操作。 ### 1. 下载国内版火狐 via: [Firefox-latest-x86_64.tar.bz2](https://download-ssl.firefox.com.cn/releases/firefox/59.0/zh-CN/Firefox-latest-x86_64.tar.bz2) ### 2. 重命名系统自带 `sudo mv /usr/lib/firefox /usr/lib/firefox.bak` ### 3. 解压下载的文件放到/usr/lib/firefox `sudo cp firefox /usr/lib/` ### 4. 复制原 Firefox 启动脚本 `sudo cp /usr/lib/firefox.bak/firefox.sh /usr/lib/firefox` ### 5. 复制原 dictionaries 软链接[可不做] `sudo cp /usr/lib/firefox.bak/dictionaries /usr/lib/firefox` ### 6. 删除原默认配置文件 `rm -rf ~/.mozilla` ## 安装一些版权受限的软件 ``` sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras ``` ## 换个趁手的oh-my-zsh [http://ohmyz.sh/][1] `sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"` ## ~~右键添加`打开终端`的选项~~ ~~`sudo apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal`~~ > 似乎15.04开始这个package自带了～ ## 某些应用`indicator`图标无法正常显示问题 `sudo apt-get install python-appindicator` ## 更改Chromium浏览器缓存到/tmp `sudo vi /etc/chromium-browser/default` 改路径到/tmp ``` # Default settings for chromium-browser. This file is sourced by /bin/sh from # /usr/bin/chromium-browser # Options to pass to chromium-browser CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--disk-cache-dir=/tmp/Chromium/" ``` 收工～啥？还在用火狐？启动那么慢能忍受么。。。 ## 利用tmpfs文件系统（要求`RAM>4G`） `sudo vi /etc/fstab` 新起一行，写入以下内容 ``` # temporary directories tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 tmpfs /var/spool tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=1777 0 0 # log directories tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults,noatime,mode=0755 0 0 ``` ## 调`swappiness`值 关于swap的介绍，挺详细 [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwapFaq](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwapFaq) 我机器内存够大，所以基本上是不分swap分区的 `sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf` Search for vm.swappiness and change its value as desired. If vm.swappiness does not exist, add it to the end of the file like so: `vm.swappiness=10` 内存如果够大，这里完全可以设为0，或者干脆干掉swap分区，机智如我～ ## 关于磁盘分区格式的选择 - 我只分三个`/efi fat16 # 100MB左右足够`、`/ ext4 # 20GB左右`和`/home ext4 #剩余空间全给`，如果是SSD，格式换为[`btrfs`](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Btrfs) - 要不要swap分区？我的选择是不要，因为物理内存足够大，就算不够用，可以随时用swapfile启用，用完再删即可 ## 截图工具的选择 我比较喜欢用深度截图工具，简单好用 [deepin-scrot_2.0-0deepin_all.deb](http://packages.linuxdeepin.com/deepin/pool/main/d/deepin-scrot/deepin-scrot_2.0-0deepin_all.deb) ``` sudo dpkg -i deepin-scrot_2.0-0deepin_all.deb sudo apt-get -f install ``` 然后设定快捷键呼出`ctrl+alt+A` `system-settings --> keyboard --> custom shortcuts`添加`command` `deepin-scrot %u`绑定`ctrl+alt+A` ## 禁用系统bug报告弹窗 bug报告本来是好事，但无奈弹的太多了些，多数情况除了影响心情外，并没有什么卵用，所以需要禁用之： `sudo vi /etc/default/apport` ``` # set this to 0 to disable apport, or to 1 to enable it # you can temporarily override this with # sudo service apport start force_start=1 enabled=0 ``` ## 更改普通用户密码为简单密码 系统默认策略不允许普通用户设定简单密码，所以如果想要设定简单密码的话，可以先切到root然后再换 ``` sudo -i passwd uersname ``` ## 安装`deb`二进制包 可以简单的双击安装， 或者命令行 ``` sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb sudo apt-get -f install ``` ## 百度网盘`bcloud` [https://github.com/LiuLang/bcloud][2] ## 为知笔记 [http://blog.wiz.cn/downloads-mac-linux.html][3] ## wineQQ [http://www.ubuntukylin.com/application/show.php?lang=cn&id=279][4] ## WPS [http://www.ubuntukylin.com/application/show.php?lang=cn&id=278][5] ## 正常挂载exfat分区 `sudo apt-get install exfat-utils` ## 搜狗输入法 [http://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/?r=pinyin][6] ## ffmpeg package [https://launchpad.net/~mc3man/+archive/ubuntu/trusty-media][7] ## nodejs&&hexo [https://nodejs.org/en/][8] 默认的NPM太慢，可以转投淘宝镜像 ## 优秀的markdown编辑器 现在转用这个了：https://typora.io [remarkableapp.github.io][9] ## git可视化比较工具 [External-Merge-and-Diff-Tools][10] ## 局域网同步神器BitTorrent Sync [软件主页](https://www.getsync.com/) [扫盲](https://program-think.blogspot.com/2015/01/BitTorrent-Sync.html) 需要注意的几个设置选项如图 ![DeepinScrot-5830.png](https://blog-1253877569.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/ext/png/2015/11/410402d76bcd052e7393eb449cdcbea6.png) [1]: http://ohmyz.sh/ [2]: https://github.com/LiuLang/bcloud [3]: http://blog.wiz.cn/downloads-mac-linux.html [4]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com/application/show.php?lang=cn&id=279 [5]: http://www.ubuntukylin.com/application/show.php?lang=cn&id=278 [6]: http://pinyin.sogou.com/linux/?r=pinyin [7]: https://launchpad.net/~mc3man/+archive/ubuntu/trusty-media [8]: https://nodejs.org/en/ [9]: https://remarkableapp.github.io/linux/download.html [10]: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Configuration#External-Merge-and-Diff-Tools